I was looking up the word “saved” in a concordance and I find the word is
confusing. Can you explain how they can translate the word so differently?
I gather from your question you are not asking
how one is saved or what one is saved from, but your question seems more to do
with linguistics and hermeneutics. That is to say, how can they translate the
common word for save or salvation to mean all those other words like
deliverance, preserve, heal, & etc? We often come to the word “save” or “salvation”
and immediately jump to the theological definition of the word as it applies to
eternal life, but the word does have a root meaning and an extra-biblical root.
The word in the Hebrew is yasha
meaning to save, deliver, help, victory & etc. Sometimes the word for “life”
hayah is translated saved. How do
translators determine what to translate the word as? Words have a basic meaning,
but it is context that determines exactly what it applies to and hence the
meaning. For example, the word for salvation is the Greek soteria and can mean preservation from danger, disease, or death.
Hence it is sometime used to mean physical salvation or deliverance.
Within
the realm of the Bible, words are analyzed in their context to build what is
known as a Biblical Theology or a Systematic Theology. Biblical Theology is
restricted to what specifically comes from the Bible, while Systematic Theology
is built by both the Bible and external sources and disciplines. The word for
saved in the Greek New Testament is the verb sozo and can mean preserve or rescue from natural dangers and
afflictions. Context determines how to translate the word and what it means in
detail. There are some who say words don’t mean anything except in context, but
that is not correct. The basic word is still restricted to a certain range of
meanings, and it is made precise when placed in context.
Understanding
this is important and in some Churches a lack of understanding has led to great
error. For example, in some Churches, one cannot be saved unless they confess
in front of the whole congregation, or unless one is publically baptized in
water, or speak in tongues. This kind of error comes from a lack of basic
hermeneutical principles, chief of which is context. It is just like your grade
school teacher taught you, when reading ask the five “W’s:” who, which, what,
why, and when. Answering these questions will make the writing clear and clear
up some of these errors. One big mistake when reading the Bible is the called Cross-reference interpretation, where
the reader searches for uses of the same word or similar passages, words, or
phrases anywhere in Scripture assuming the word means the same thing everywhere
without regard for the immediate context. So, for example, even though the
Bible clearly states many times (over 100 times) salvation is received by
belief alone, at times there are passages where salvation is used in the same
sentence with baptism, but context gives us clues as to why. The historical,
cultural setting cannot be thrown out when reading the Bible, and when the word
saved is used throughout the Scriptures, some 1500 years of history and various
cultures and authors have to be brought into consideration.
From
the basic Greek word sozo and a
concordance one finds the word means to save from death (Matt. 14:30), bring
out safely (John 12:27), to free from disease or demonic possession (Matt.
9:22), but the word has a special spiritual significance as it relates to
rescue or preserve from eternal death, from judgment, sin, to bring salvation,
or bring to salvation. Categorizing the word theologically, that is to say,
organizing the teachings of the word as it specifically relates to eternal life
for mankind, one finds that salvation is something that God does. Salvation is
of the Lord (Jonah 2:9; Ps. 3:8), it means being saved from the guilt and penalty
of sin (Rom. 6:23), and occurs when one believes the gospel of Christ (Acts
16:31). The gospel being the message that Jesus (Jesus is the Hebrew word for
savor) Christ, God came in the flesh, died on the cross, was buried and
resurrected (1 Cor. 15:1-5).
Salvation
has three tenses: the past – we have
been saved (Eph 2:5,8), relates to the release from guilt and penalty of sin
and is accomplished the moment one believes the gospel. The present – we are being saved (Phil. 1:19; 2:12-13) relates to
the release from the power of sin (John 17:17; Rom. 6:14; 8:2; Gal. 5:16). The future – we will be saved (Rom.
13:11) is the completion of release from the presence of sin.
This
part of the theology not only includes context, but grammar. The verb tenses
speak volumes – “we have been saved” is a Greek perfect passive, meaning the
action was performed by an external agent and it occurred in the past and is
complete. This of course speaks of the character of our God. Our God is in
active control, bringing eternal life to all who believe, and He will keep them
safe, preserved forever (Rom. 8:28-29) – for they possess eternal life. May God
bless you in your studies.
